Jai #Shree #ram

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Practical Mark Scheme #12 #board #cbse

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“The mind is not a vessel to be filled but a fire to be ignited.”

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Change the technic, not the #goal

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Your hard work will pay you off. Stay focused! #quoteoftheday

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EBITDA ... what does it mean ??

 EBITDA stands for Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization. It is a financial term used to measure the profitability and financial performance of a company.

To understand EBITDA, let's break down each component:

1. Earnings: This refers to the money a company makes from its business operations. It includes revenue from selling products or services, minus the costs of producing those products or services.

2. Interest: When a company borrows money from a bank or other sources, they have to pay interest on that borrowed money. EBITDA excludes the interest expenses, so we can focus on the company's core operations without considering the cost of borrowing.

3. Taxes: Companies have to pay taxes on their profits to the government. EBITDA removes the tax expenses from the equation, allowing us to see the company's performance before taxes are taken into account.

4. Depreciation: Over time, some assets like buildings, machinery, or vehicles lose value. This decrease in value is called depreciation. EBITDA ignores the depreciation expenses, so we can focus on the company's profitability without considering the decrease in asset value.

5. Amortization: Similar to depreciation, amortization is the gradual decrease in value of intangible assets like patents or copyrights. EBITDA excludes the amortization expenses, so we can focus on the company's performance without considering the decrease in intangible asset value.

By excluding these factors, EBITDA provides a clearer picture of a company's operating performance and profitability. It helps investors and analysts compare the financial performance of different companies in the same industry, as it removes the effects of interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.

For example, let's say you and your friend both have lemonade stands. You want to compare how well your businesses are doing. To do this, you calculate your earnings by subtracting the cost of lemons, sugar, and cups from the money you made selling lemonade. However, your friend borrowed money from the bank to start their lemonade stand, and they have to pay interest on that loan. To make a fair comparison, you would calculate EBITDA by excluding the interest expenses from your friend's earnings. This way, you can focus on the profitability of your lemonade stands without considering the effects of borrowing money.

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Choosing which variable to place on the x-axis and y-axis in a graph is an important step in data visualization

Choosing which variable to place on the x-axis and y-axis in a graph is an important step in data visualization. Here are some guidelines to help you decide:

1. Independent vs Dependent Variables: The independent variable (or “explanatory variable”) should go on the x-axis and the dependent variable (or “response variable”) should go on the y-axis1. In other words, the variable that can be viewed as “explanatory” should go on the x-axis and the variable that is “being explained” should go on the y-axis1.

2. Experimental Control: If one variable was under experimental control, it should be placed on the x-axis2.

3. Prediction: If you would like to make predictions of one variable based on the other, put the one you’re predicting on the y-axis and what you’re basing it on on the x-axis2.

4. Random vs Fixed Variables: In some cases, if one variable is ‘fixed’ and the other is ‘random’, the random one tends to go on the y-axis of the plot2.

Here are a few examples:

• Hours Studied vs. Exam Score: If a professor collects data on the number of hours studied and exam score received, he should place ‘Number of hours studied’ on the x-axis and ‘Exam Score received’ on the y-axis. Since the exam score received is dependent on the number of hours studied, the number of hours studied belongs on the x-axis while the exam score belongs on the y-axis1.

• Food Consumption vs. Weight: If a biologist collects data on grams of food fed daily and weight after one month for mice in his lab, he should place ‘Grams of food fed daily’ on the x-axis and ‘Weight after one month’ on the y-axis. Since the weight of each mouse is dependent on the number of grams of food they’re fed daily, the number of grams of food belongs on the x-axis while the weight belongs on the y-axis1.

• Age vs. Height: If a botanist collects data on height (in inches) and age (in weeks) for a certain plant, she should place ‘Age (in weeks)’ on the x-axis and ‘Height (in inches)’ on the y-axis. Since the height of the plant is dependent on its age, age belongs on the x-axis while height belongs on the y-axis1.

Remember, regardless of what you do, always label axes clearly2. I hope this helps! If you have any more questions, feel free to ask.

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